A few programing languages

Post by **ph0bYx** » 26 Jan 2009, 08:19

An quick introduction to several programing languages (and a few markup)

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HTML - HyperText Markup Language

This language today is not considered a programing language but a markup language. It is a very easy language to learn. It works on the same structure as the BBCode which you use in forums ( [color=][/color] ; ; etc.).

HTML is a set of markup tags that are used to describe web pages.
HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets ( <html> ) which come in pairs ( <html> </html>; <b> </b> etc.) like in the BBCode. The purpose of a web browsers (Internet Explorer, FireFox, Opera etc.) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page.

Referral Links:
http://w3schools.com/js/js_intro.asp
http://www.htmlcodetutorial.com/document/
http://htmlhelp.com/
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CSS - Cascading Style Sheets

HTML tags were originally designed to define the content of a document. They were supposed to say "This is a header", "This is a paragraph", "This is a table", by using tags like <h1>, <p>, <table>, and so on. The layout of the document was supposed to be taken care of by the browser, without using any formatting tags.

As the two major browsers - Netscape and Internet Explorer - continued to add new HTML tags and attributes (like the <font> tag and the color attribute) to the original HTML specification, it became more and more difficult to create Web sites where the content of HTML documents was clearly separated from the document's presentation layout.

To solve this problem, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - the non profit, standard setting consortium, responsible for standardizing HTML - created STYLES in addition to HTML 4.0.

All major browsers support Cascading Style Sheets.

Styles sheets define HOW HTML elements are to be displayed, just like the font tag and the color attribute in HTML. Styles are normally saved in external .css files. External style sheets enable you to change the appearance and layout of all the pages in your Web, just by editing one single CSS document!

CSS is a breakthrough in Web design because it allows developers to control the style and layout of multiple Web pages all at once. As a Web developer you can define a style for each HTML element and apply it to as many Web pages as you want. To make a global change, simply change the style, and all elements in the Web are updated automatically.

Style sheets allow style information to be specified in many ways. Styles can be specified inside a single HTML element, inside the <head> element of an HTML page, or in an external CSS file. Even multiple external style sheets can be referenced inside a single HTML document.

Referral Links:
http://w3schools.com/css/css_intro.asp
http://www.htmlcodetutorial.com/css/css.html
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JavaScript

* JavaScript was designed to add interactivity to HTML pages
* JavaScript is a scripting language
* A scripting language is a lightweight programming language
* JavaScript is usually embedded directly into HTML pages
* JavaScript is an interpreted language (means that scripts execute without preliminary compilation)
* Everyone can use JavaScript without purchasing a license

* JavaScript gives HTML designers a programming tool - HTML authors are normally not programmers, but JavaScript is a scripting language with a very simple syntax! Almost anyone can put small "snippets" of code into their HTML pages
* JavaScript can put dynamic text into an HTML page - A JavaScript statement like this: document.write("<h1>" + name + "</h1>") can write a variable text into an HTML page
* JavaScript can react to events - A JavaScript can be set to execute when something happens, like when a page has finished loading or when a user clicks on an HTML element
* JavaScript can read and write HTML elements - A JavaScript can read and change the content of an HTML element
* JavaScript can be used to validate data - A JavaScript can be used to validate form data before it is submitted to a server. This saves the server from extra processing
* JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser - A JavaScript can be used to detect the visitor's browser, and - depending on the browser - load another page specifically designed for that browser
* JavaScript can be used to create cookies - A JavaScript can be used to store and retrieve information on the visitor's computer

Referral Links:
http://www.w3schools.com/JS/js_intro.asp
http://javascript.about.com/od/learnjav ... script.htm
http://www.learn-javascript-tutorial.com/
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PHP

PHP is a scripting language originally designed for producing dynamic web pages. It has evolved to include a command line interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical applications.[2]

While PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995, the main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no formal specification.[3] PHP is free software released under the PHP License, however it is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL), due to restrictions on the usage of the term PHP.[4]

PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. It generally runs on a web server, taking PHP code as its input and creating web pages as output. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost every operating system and platform free of charge.[5] PHP is installed on more than 20 million websites and 1 million web servers.[6]

Referral Links:
https://www.suck-o.com/modules.php?name=PHP_Manual
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP
http://www.php.net/
http://www.w3schools.com/PHP/DEfaULT.asP
http://php.resourceindex.com/
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C

In computing, C is a general-purpose computer programming language originally developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories to implement the Unix operating system.[2]

Although C was designed for writing architecturally independent system software,[3] it is also widely used for developing application software.

Worldwide, C is the first or second most popular language in terms of number of developer positions or publicly available code.[4][5] It is widely used on many different software platforms, and there are few computer architectures for which a C compiler does not exist. C has greatly influenced many other popular programming languages, most notably C++, which originally began as an extension to C, and Java and C# which borrow C lexical conventions and operators.

Referral Links:
http://www.cprogramming.com/
http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/CE.html
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C++

C++ is a general-purpose programming language. It is regarded as a middle-level language, as it comprises a combination of both high-level and low-level language features.[1] It was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 at Bell Labs as an enhancement to the C programming language and originally named "C with Classes". It was renamed to C++ in 1983.

C++ is widely used in the software industry. Some of its application domains include systems software, device drivers, embedded software, high-performance server and client applications, and entertainment software such as video games. Several groups provide both free and commercial C++ compiler software, including the GNU Project, Microsoft, Intel, Borland and others.

The language began as enhancements to C, first adding classes, then virtual functions, operator overloading, multiple inheritance, templates, and exception handling among other features. After years of development, the C++ programming language standard was ratified in 1998 as ISO/IEC 14882:1998. The current standard is the 2003 version, ISO/IEC 14882:2003. The next standard version (known informally as C++0x) is in development.

C++ is a statically typed, free-form, multi-paradigm, compiled language where compilation creates machine code for a target machine hardware. It supports procedural programming, data abstraction, object-oriented programming, and generic programming.

Referral Links:
www.cplusplus.com/
www.cppreference.com
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C#

C# (pronounced C Sharp) is a multi-paradigm programming language that encompasses functional, imperative, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines. It was developed by Microsoft as part of the .NET initiative and later approved as a standard by ECMA (ECMA-334) and ISO (ISO/IEC 23270). C# is one of the 44 programming languages supported by the .NET Framework's Common Language Runtime.

C# is intended to be a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language. Anders Hejlsberg, the designer of Borland's Object Pascal language, leads the team which is developing C#. It has an object-oriented syntax based on C++ and is heavily influenced by Java. It was initially named Cool, which stood for "C like Object Oriented Language". However, in July 2000, when Microsoft made the project public, the name of the programming language was given as C#. The most recent version of the language is 3.0 which was released in conjunction with the .NET Framework 3.5 in 2007. The next proposed version, 4.0, is in development.

Referral Links:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcsharp/aa336809.aspx
http://en.csharp-online.net/CSharp_Cert ... d_Training
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/67ef8sbd.aspx
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Pascal

Pascal is an influential imperative and procedural programming language, designed in 1968/9 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a small and efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring.

A derivative known as Object Pascal was designed for object oriented programming.

Referral Links:
http://pascal-central.com/
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PEARL

PEARL, or Process and Experiment Automation Realtime Language, is a computer programming language designed for multitasking and real-time programming. Being a high-level language, it is fairly hardware-independent. Since 1977, the language has been going under several standardization steps by the Deutsches Institut für Normung. The current version is PEARL-90, which was standardized in 1998 as DIN 66253-2.

Referral Links:
http://www.irt.uni-hannover.de/pub/pearl/report.pdf
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Java

Java is a programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture.

The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were developed by Sun from 1995. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun made available most of their Java technologies as free software under the GNU General Public License. Others have also developed alternative implementations of these Sun technologies, such as the GNU Compiler for Java and GNU Classpath.

Referral Links:
http://www.java.com/en/
http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.12/java.saga.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(prog ... _language)
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Fortran

Fortran (previously FORTRAN[1]) is a general-purpose,[2] procedural,[3] imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. Originally developed by IBM in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications, Fortran came to dominate this area of programming early on and has been in continual use for over half a century in computationally intensive areas such as numerical weather prediction, finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), computational physics, and computational chemistry. It is one of the most popular languages in the area of High-performance computing and programs to benchmark and rank the world's fastest supercomputers are written in Fortran[4].

Fortran (a blend word derived from The IBM Mathematical Formula Translating System) encompasses a lineage of versions, each of which evolved to add extensions to the language while usually retaining compatibility with previous versions. Successive versions have added support for processing of character-based data (FORTRAN 77), array programming, module-based programming and object-based programming (Fortran 90 / 95), and object-oriented and generic programming (Fortran 2003).

Referral Links:
http://www.star.le.ac.uk/~cgp/prof77.pdf
http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/fortran/unfp.html

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BASIC

In computer programming, BASIC (an acronym for Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code[1]) is a family of high-level programming languages. The original BASIC was designed in 1964 by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz at Dartmouth in New Hampshire, USA to provide computer access to non-science students. At the time, nearly all use of computers required writing custom software, which was something only scientists and mathematicians tended to be able to do. The language and its variants became widespread on microcomputers in the late 1970s and 1980s. BASIC remains popular to this day in a handful of highly modified dialects and new languages based on BASIC such as Microsoft Visual Basic. As of 2006, 59% of developers for the .NET platform used Visual Basic as their only language.

Referral Links:
http://www.allbasic.info/
http://www.scriptbasic.org/home/
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ASP.NET

ASP.NET is a web application framework developed and marketed by Microsoft to allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, web applications and web services. It was first released in January 2002 with version 1.0 of the .NET Framework, and is the successor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) technology. ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language.

Referral Links:
http://www.asp.net/
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/asp.net/default.aspx
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Python

Python is a general-purpose high-level programming language.[2] Its design philosophy emphasizes programmer productivity and code readability.[3] Python's core syntax and semantics are minimalistic, while the standard library is large and comprehensive. Its use of whitespace as block delimiters is unusual among popular programming languages.

Python supports multiple programming paradigms (primarily object oriented, imperative, and functional) and features a fully dynamic type system and automatic memory management, similar to Perl, Ruby, Scheme, and Tcl. Like other dynamic languages, Python is often used as a scripting language.

Python was first released by Guido van Rossum in 1991.[4] The language has an open, community-based development model managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation, which also maintains the de facto standard definition of the language in CPython, the reference implementation.

Referral Links:
http://www.python.org/
http://python-history.blogspot.com/
http://www.computerworld.com.au/index.php/id;66665771
http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programmi ... es/Python/
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Visual Basic

Visual Basic (VB) is the third-generation event-driven programming language and integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model. VB is also considered a relatively easy to learn and use programming language, because of its graphical development features and BASIC heritage.[1]

Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects DAO, Remote Data Objects RDO, or ActiveX Data Objects ADO, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects. Scripting languages such as VBA and VBScript are syntactically similar to Visual Basic, but perform differently.[2]

A programmer can put together an application using the components provided with Visual Basic itself. Programs written in Visual Basic can also use the Windows API, but doing so requires external function declarations.

The final release was version 6 in 1998. Microsoft's extended support ended in March 2008 and the designated successor was Visual Basic .NET (now known simply as Visual Basic).

Referral Links:
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vbrun/default.aspx
http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programmi ... al_Basic//

Post by **ayu** » 26 Jan 2009, 09:12

Very nicely written, organized and informative, THUMBS UP

EDIT: I'll stickify this one

str33tl0rd · Post by **str33tl0rd** » 26 Jan 2009, 17:07

nice read man, keep it up.

iyggk · Post by **iyggk** » 27 Apr 2011, 01:46

very helpful, thx

badwolves1986 · Post by **badwolves1986** » 30 Jun 2012, 19:48

thanks brother .... i'm very need it tutor :thumb:

joebox · Post by **joebox** » 01 Jul 2012, 05:21

good list

Hiram · Post by **Hiram** » 01 Jul 2012, 13:03

badwolves1986 wrote:thanks brother .... i'm very need it tutor :thumb:

But do you know where to start?
What is that tutor thing?

Post by **floodhound2** » 03 Jul 2012, 09:00

Nice write up!

The only detail left out is the most important one of all - Machine code, or also known as assembly code!

Machine code is what all languages are made from and what all machines use to run. Its basically where the golden egg is in my opinion.

Broken Angel · Post by **Broken Angel** » 04 Jul 2012, 06:16

Awesome one for the one who wants to know where to and how to start from mate. Keep em coming.

Hiram · Post by **Hiram** » 04 Jul 2012, 15:04

floodhound2 wrote: The only detail left out is the most important one of all - Machine code, or also known as assembly code!

Machine code is what all languages are made from and what all machines use to run. Its basically where the golden egg is in my opinion.

Oh my God. The flow chart is getting corrupted. Let us do
some debugging.

Modern Third generation languages or call them higher-level
languages like Java are translated to assembly language by a compiler,
then an assembler translates the assembly language into
computer language or machine language, that the computer will
execute into a series of ons and offs: 101010010111101010110.

There is some difference between computer language and assembly
language.

Not all those who know how to drive know how a car works. Okay,
there can be some ability of programming, but with no technicalities.

Hiram · Post by **Hiram** » 04 Jul 2012, 15:28

Broken Angel wrote:Awesome one for the one who wants to know where to and how to start from mate. Keep em coming.

You are irrelevant here!

Broken Angel · Post by **Broken Angel** » 06 Jul 2012, 08:33

Hiram wrote:
Broken Angel wrote:Awesome one for the one who wants to know where to and how to start from mate. Keep em coming.
You are irrelevant here!

Well then lets make it Relevant ooh and BTW I was just appreciating his efforts

Assembly Language

* Low level language for almost anything that computes
* Specific to a certain computer architecture and not as portable as High-Level Languages that are generally portable to multiple systems
* Converted to the executable machine code by the help of Assemblers
* Program written in assembly language consists of a series of (mnemonic) processor instructions and meta-statements (known variously as directives, pseudo-instructions and pseudo-ops), comments and data.
* Typical Assembly Language shall have following Instruction Statements to describe an Operation:

Opcode mnemonics
Data sections
Assembly directives

Referral Links
http://www.swansontec.com/sprogram.html
http://maven.smith.edu/~thiebaut/ArtOfA ... ofasm.html

Hope that was Relevant mate.

P.S.
To,
ph0bYx
Awesome one for the one who wants to know where to and how to start from mate. Keep em coming.

Hiram · Post by **Hiram** » 08 Jul 2012, 09:01

Alright pal, but you're still obsessed with this:

Awesome one for the one who wants to know where to and how to start from mate. Keep em coming.

Post by **Gogeta70** » 12 Aug 2012, 00:54

Hmm... looks like we need to fix our HTML lol

Post by **ph0bYx** » 12 Aug 2012, 02:53

What do you mean?

suck-o.com

A few programing languages

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