how to deface a website

No explicit questions like "how do I hack xxx.com" please!
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dooo
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how to deface a website

Post by dooo »

I thought seeing as the tut was taking a while i found out myself and heres the tut i found



First of all, I do not deface, I never have (besides friends sites as jokes and all in good fun), and never will. So how do
I know how to deface? I guess I just picked it up on the way, so I am no expert in this. If I get a thing or two wrong I
apoligize. It is pretty simple when you think that defacing is just replacing a file on a computer. Now, finding the exploit
in the first place, that takes skill, that takes knowledge, that is what real hackers are made of. I don't encourage that
you deface any sites, as this can be used get credit cards, get passwords, get source code, billing info, email databases,
etc.. (it is only right to put up some kind of warning. now go have fun ;)

This tutorial will be broken down into 3 main sections, they are as followed:
1. Finding Vuln Hosts.
2. Getting In.
3. Covering Your Tracks

It really is easy, and I will show you how easy it is.

1. Finding Vuln Hosts
This section needs to be further broken down into two catigories of script kiddies: ones who scan the net for a host that is
vuln to a certain exploit and ones who search a certain site for any exploit. The ones you see on alldas are the first kind,
they scan thousands of sites for a specific exploit. They do not care who they hack, anyone will do. They have no set target
and not much of a purpose. In my opinion these people should either have a cause behind what they are doing, ie. "I make
sure people keep up to date with security, I am a messanger" or "I am spreading a political message, I use defacments to get
media attention". People who deface to get famous or to show off their skills need to grow up and relize there is a better
way of going about this (not that I support the ones with other reasons ether). Anyways, the two kinds and what you need to
know about them:

Scanning Script Kiddie: You need to know what signs of the hole are, is it a service? A certain OS? A CGI file? How can you
tell if they are vuln? What version(s) are vuln? You need to know how to search the net to find targets which are running
whatever is vuln. Use altavista.com or google.com for web based exploits. Using a script to scan ip ranges for a certain
port that runs the vuln service. Or using netcraft.com to find out what kind of server they are running and what extras it
runs (frontpage, php, etc..) nmap and other port scanners allow quick scans of thousands of ips for open ports. This is a
favorate technique of those guys you see with mass hacks on alldas.

Targetted Site Script Kiddie: More respectable then the script kiddies who hack any old site. The main step here is gathering
as much information about a site as possible. Find out what OS they run at netcraft or by using: telnet www.site.com 80 then
GET / HTTP/1.1 Find out what services they run by doing a port scan. Find out the specifics on the services by telnetting to
them. Find any cgi script, or other files which could allow access to the server if exploited by checking /cgi /cgi-bin and
browsing around the site (remember to index browse)

Wasn't so hard to get the info was it? It may take awhile, but go through the site slowly and get all the information you
can.

2. Getting In
Now that we got the info on the site we can find the exploit(s) we can use to get access. If you were a scanning script
kiddie you would know the exploit ahead of time. A couple of great places to look for exploits are Security Focus and
packetstorm. Once you get the exploit check and make sure that the exploit is for the same version as the service, OS,
script, etc.. Exploits mainly come in two languages, the most used are C and perl. Perl scripts will end in .pl or .cgi,
while C will end in .c To compile a C file (on *nix systems) do gcc -o exploit12 file.c then: ./exploit12 For perl just do:
chmod 700 file.pl (not really needed) then: perl file.pl. If it is not a script it might be a very simple exploit, or just
a theory of a possible exploit. Just do alittle research into how to use it. Another thing you need to check is weither the
exploit is remote or local. If it is local you must have an account or physical access to the computer. If it is remote you
can do it over a network (internet).

Don't go compiling exploits just yet, there is one more important thing you need to know

Covering Your Tracks
So by now you have gotten the info on the host inorder to find an exploit that will allow you to get access. So why not do
it? The problem with covering your tracks isn't that it is hard, rather that it is unpredictable. just because you killed
the sys logging doesn't mean that they don't have another logger or IDS running somewhere else. (even on another box). Since
most script kiddies don't know the skill of the admin they are targetting they have no way of knowing if they have
additional loggers or what. Instead the script kiddie makes it very hard (next to impossible) for the admin to track them
down. Many use a stolden or second isp account to begin with, so even if they get tracked they won't get caught. If you don't
have the luxery of this then you MUST use multiple wingates, shell accounts, or trojans to bounce off of. Linking them
together will make it very hard for someone to track you down. Logs on the wingates and shells will most likely be erased
after like 2-7 days. That is if logs are kept at all. It is hard enough to even get ahold of one admin in a week, let alone
further tracking the script kiddie down to the next wingate or shell and then getting ahold of that admin all before the
logs of any are erased. And it is rare for an admin to even notice an attack, even a smaller percent will actively pursue
the attacker at all and will just secure their box and forget it ever happend. For the sake of arugment lets just say if you
use wingates and shells, don't do anything to piss the admin off too much (which will get them to call authoritizes or try
to track you down) and you deleting logs you will be safe. So how do you do it?

We will keep this very short and too the point, so we'll need to get a few wingates. Wingates by nature tend to change IPs
or shutdown all the time, so you need an updated list or program to scan the net for them. You can get a list of wingates
that is well updated at http://www.cyberarmy.com/lists/wingate/ and you can also get a program called winscan there. Now
lets say we have 3 wingates:

212.96.195.33 port 23
202.134.244.215 port 1080
203.87.131.9 port 23

to use them we go to telnet and connect to them on port 23. we should get a responce like this:

CSM Proxy Server >

to connect to the next wingate we just type in it's ip:port

CSM Proxy Server >202.134.244.215:1080
If you get an error it is most likely to be that the proxy you are trying to connect to isn't up, or that you need to login
to the proxy. If all goes well you will get the 3 chained together and have a shell account you are able to connect to. Once
you are in your shell account you can link shells together by:

[j00@server j00]$ ssh 212.23.53.74

You can get free shells to work with until you get some hacked shells, here is a list of free shell accounts. And please
remember to sign up with false information and from a wingate if possible.

SDF (freeshell.org) - http://sdf.lonestar.org
GREX (cyberspace.org) - http://www.grex.org
NYX - http://www.nxy.net
ShellYeah - http://www.shellyeah.org
HOBBITON.org - http://www.hobbiton.org
FreeShells - http://www.freeshells.net
DucTape - http://www.ductape.net
Free.Net.Pl (Polish server) - http://www.free.net.pl
XOX.pl (Polish server) - http://www.xox.pl
IProtection - http://www.iprotection.com
CORONUS - http://www.coronus.com
ODD.org - http://www.odd.org
MARMOSET - http://www.marmoset.net
flame.org - http://www.flame.org
freeshells - http://freeshells.net.pk
LinuxShell - http://www.linuxshell.org
takiweb - http://www.takiweb.com
FreePort - http://freeport.xenos.net
BSDSHELL - http://free.bsdshell.net
ROOTshell.be - http://www.rootshell.be
shellasylum.com - http://www.shellasylum.com
Daforest - http://www.daforest.org
FreedomShell.com - http://www.freedomshell.com
LuxAdmin - http://www.luxadmin.org
shellweb - http://shellweb.net
blekko - http://blekko.net

once you get on your last shell you can compile the exploit, and you should be safe from being tracked. But lets be even
more sure and delete the evidence that we were there.

Alright, there are a few things on the server side that all script kiddies need to be aware of. Mostly these are logs that
you must delete or edit. The real script kiddies might even use a rootkit to automaticly delete the logs. Although lets
assume you aren't that lame. There are two main logging daemons which I will cover, klogd which is the kernel logs, and
syslogd which is the system logs. First step is to kill the daemons so they don't log anymore of your actions.

[root@hacked root]# ps -def | grep syslogd
[root@hacked root]# kill -9 pid_of_syslogd

in the first line we are finding the pid of the syslogd, in the second we are killing the daemon. You can also use
/etc/syslog.pid to find the pid of syslogd.

[root@hacked root]# ps -def | grep klogd
[root@hacked root]# kill -9 pid_of_klogd

Same thing happening here with klogd as we did with syslogd.

now that killed the default loggers the script kiddie needs to delete themself from the logs. To find where syslogd puts
it's logs check the /etc/syslog.conf file. Of course if you don't care if the admin knows you were there you can delete the
logs completely. Lets say you are the lamest of the script kiddies, a defacer, the admin would know that the box has been
comprimised since the website was defaced. So there is no point in appending the logs, they would just delete them. The
reason we are appending them is so that the admin will not even know a break in has accurd. I'll go over the main reasons
people break into a box:


To deface the website. - this is really lame, since it has no point and just damages the system.


To sniff for other network passwords. - there are programs which allow you to sniff other passwords sent from and to the box.
If this box is on an ethernet network then you can even sniff packets (which contain passwords) that are destine to any box
in that segment.


To mount a DDoS attack. - another lame reason, the admin has a high chance of noticing that you comprimised him once you
start sending hundreds of MBs through his connection.


To mount another attack on a box. - this and sniffing is the most commonly used, not lame, reason for exploiting something.
Since you now how a rootshell you can mount your attack from this box instead of those crappy freeshells. And you now have
control over the logging of the shell.


To get sensitive info. - some corperate boxes have alot of valueable info on them. Credit card databases, source code for
software, user/password lists, and other top secret info that a hacker may want to have.


To learn and have fun. - many people do it for the thrill of hacking, and the knowledge you gain. I don't see this as
horrible a crime as defacing. as long as you don't destroy anything I don't think this is very bad. Infact some people will
even help the admin patch the hole. Still illegal though, and best not to break into anyone's box.


I'll go over the basic log files: utmp, wtmp, lastlog, and .bash_history
These files are usually in /var/log/ but I have heard of them being in /etc/ /usr/bin/ and other places. Since it is
different on alot of boxes it is best to just do a find / -iname 'utmp'|find / -iname 'wtmp'|find / -iname 'lastlog'. and
also search threw the /usr/ /var/ and /etc/ directories for other logs. Now for the explanation of these 3.

utmp is the log file for who is on the system, I think you can see why this log should be appended. Because you do not want
to let anyone know you are in the system. wtmp logs the logins and logouts as well as other info you want to keep away from
the admin. Should be appended to show that you never logged in or out. and lastlog is a file which keeps records of all
logins. Your shell's history is another file that keeps a log of all the commands you issued, you should look for it in your
$ HOME directory and edit it, .sh_history, .history, and .bash_history are the common names. you should only append these
log files, not delete them. if you delete them it will be like holding a big sign infront of the admin saying "You've been
hacked". Newbie script kiddies often deface and then rm -rf / to be safe. I would avoid this unless you are really freaking
out. In this case I would suggest that you never try to exploit a box again. Another way to find log files is to run a
script to check for open files (and then manually look at them to determine if they are logs) or do a find for files which
have been editted, this command would be: find / -ctime 0 -print

A few popular scripts which can hide your presence from logs include: zap, clear and cloak. Zap will replace your presence
in the logs with 0's, clear will clear the logs of your presence, and cloak will replace your presence with different
information. acct-cleaner is the only heavily used script in deleting account logging from my experience. Most rootkits have
a log cleaning script, and once you installed it logs are not kept of you anyways. If you are on NT the logs are at
C:\winNT\system32\LogFiles\, just delete them, nt admins most likely don't check them or don't know what it means if they
are deleted.

One final thing about covering your tracks, I won't go to into detail about this because it would require a tutorial all to
itself. I am talking about rootkits. What are rootkits? They are a very widely used tool used to cover your tracks once you
get into a box. They will make staying hidden painfree and very easy. What they do is replace the binaries like login, ps,
and who to not show your presence, ever. They will allow you to login without a password, without being logged by wtmp or
lastlog and without even being in the /etc/passwd file. They also make commands like ps not show your processes, so no one
knows what programs you are running. They send out fake reports on netstat, ls, and w so that everything looks the way it
normally would, except anything you do is missing. But there are some flaws in rootkits, for one some commands produce
strange effects because the binary was not made correctly. They also leave fingerprints (ways to tell that the file is from
a rootkit). Only smart/good admins check for rootkits, so this isn't the biggest threat, but it should be concidered.
Rootkits that come with a LKM (loadable kernel module) are usually the best as they can pretty much make you totally
invisible to all others and most admins wouldn't be able to tell they were comprimised.

In writting this tutorial I have mixed feelings. I do not want more script kiddies out their scanning hundreds of sites for
the next exploit. And I don't want my name on any shouts. I rather would like to have people say "mmm, that defacing crap is
pretty lame" especially when people with no lives scan for exploits everyday just to get their name on a site for a few
minutes. I feel alot of people are learning everything but what they need to know inorder to break into boxes. Maybe this
tutorial cut to the chase alittle and helps people with some knowledge see how simple it is and hopefully make them see that
getting into a system is not all it's hyped up to be. It is not by any means a full guide, I did not cover alot of things.
I hope admins found this tutorial helpful aswell, learning that no matter what site you run you should always keep on top
of the latest exploits and patch them. Protect yourself with IDS and try finding holes on your own system (both with vuln
scanners and by hand). Also setting up an external box to log is not a bad idea. Admins should have also seen alittle bit
into the mind of a script kiddie and learned a few things he does.. this should help you catch one if they break into your
systems.

On one final note, defacing is lame. I know many people who have defaced in the past and regret it now. You will be labeled
a script kiddie and a lamer for a long, long time.

long i kno..... but it tells you at least

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