Origins of a Transistor

Computer Hardware and electronics in general.
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Hiram
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Origins of a Transistor

Post by Hiram »

By Jack Shulman
Head of the American Computer Company.
Extracted from Nexus Magazine(June-July 1999)

Image

The symbol for the transistor is made up
of three pieces: positive, positive and negative;
or negative, negative and positive... silicon dioxide
doped with arsenic and boron, in 1947. Now, in
1947, doping things with boron was not easy.
It required the sort of equipment that even
Bell Labs in 1946 did not possess. They had this type
of equipment at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories –
but it would have taken thousands and thousands
and thousands of man-hours to invent the transistor.

If you look back at it historically, what AT&T was
claiming was that one day this "genius",
William Shockley, was working with a rectifier;
he looked at it and he noticed it had unusual
propensities, and there, bingo, he invented the
transistor! He figured it out right there!

In any event, for most of my young life I believed
that the transistor had come from a government
project and that they were just hiding its origins.
Which government project, I did not realize until
I saw the Shopkeeper’s Notebook in the possession
of my friend, the consultant.

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Re: Origins of a Transistor

Post by hotinsidevegas »

reply to really old thread but all the same...

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The picture on the left above shows the first point contact transistor built by Walter Brattain. It consisted of a plastic triangle lightly suspended above a germanium crystal which itself was sitting on a metal plate attached to a voltage source. A strip of gold was wrapped around the point of the triangle with a tiny gap cut into the gold at the precise point it came in contact with the germanium crystal. The germanium acted as a semiconductor so that a small electric current entering on one side of the gold strip came out the other side as a proportionately amplified current.

In 1948, the point-contact transistor was independently invented by German physicists Herbert Mataré and Heinrich Welker while working at the Compagnie des Freins et Signaux, a Westinghouse subsidiary located in Paris. Mataré had previous experience in developing crystal rectifiers from silicon and germanium in the German radar effort during World War II. Using this knowledge, he began researching the phenomenon of "interference" in 1947. By witnessing currents flowing through point-contacts, similar to what Bardeen and Brattain had accomplished earlier in December 1947, Mataré by June 1948, was able to produce consistent results by using samples of germanium produced by Welker. Realizing that Bell Lab's scientists had already invented the transistor before them, the company rushed to get its "transistron" into production for amplified use in France's telephone network.


all the semiconductor advances came later. the FET was patented in 1925 but wasnt actually manufactured until much later. No need for boron doping or alien tech.

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Re: Origins of a Transistor

Post by bad_brain »

I see you made it to the boards....welcome. ^^
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